Спряжение и склонение «lie» в английском
Спряжение глагола lie [laɪ] lay / lain / lying / lies
лежать, находиться, лгать
I lie
you lie
he/she/it lies
we lie
you lie
they lie
I have lain
you have lain
he/she/it has lain
we have lain
you have lain
they have lain
I am lying
you are lying
he/she/it is lying
we are lying
you are lying
they are lying
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been lying
you have been lying
he/she/it has been lying
we have been lying
you have been lying
they have been lying
I lay
you lay
he/she/it lay
we lay
you lay
they lay
I was lying
you were lying
he/she/it was lying
we were lying
you were lying
they were lying
I had lain
you had lain
he/she/it had lain
we had lain
you had lain
they had lain
I had been lying
you had been lying
he/she/it had been lying
we had been lying
you had been lying
they had been lying
I will lie
you will lie
he/she/it will lie
we will lie
you will lie
they will lie
I will be lying
you will be lying
he/she/it will be lying
we will be lying
you will be lying
they will be lying
I will have lain
you will have lain
he/she/it will have lain
we will have lain
you will have lain
they will have lain
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been lying
you will have been lying
he/she/it will have been lying
we will have been lying
you will have been lying
they will have been lying
I would lie
you would lie
he/she/it would lie
we would lie
you would lie
they would lie
Conditional Present Continuous
I would be lying
you would be lying
he/she/it would be lying
we would be lying
you would be lying
they would be lying
I would have lain
you would have lain
he/she/it would have lain
we would have lain
you would have lain
they would have lain
Conditional Perfect Continuous
I would have been lying
you would have been lying
he/she/it would have been lying
we would have been lying
you would have been lying
they would have been lying
to lie
to have lain
to be lying
to have been lying
Основные сведения о глаголе lie в present continuous
Present Сontinuous: правила образования
Время Present Continuous (I am doing): образование
Настоящее продолженное время Present Continuous образуется при помощи настоящего времени вспомогательного глагола be и формы -ing смыслового глагола (четвертая форма глагола):
am, is, are + V-ing form of the verb
Мы используем краткую форму чаще, чем полную, особенно в разговорной речи.
Краткая форма в утвердительных предложениях:
Отрицательные предложения образуются при помощи отрицательной частицы not, которую ставят непосредственно после вспомогательного глагола:
am, is, are + not + V-ing form of the verb
Полная форма | Краткая форма | Перевод | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Вторая форма V2 (Past Simple) | Третья форма V 3 (Past Participle) | Четвертая форма V4/ the -ing form (Present Participle) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Base Form Инфинитив | Past Simple 2-ая форма |
Past Participle 3-ая форма (Причастие прошедшего времени) |
Gerund Герундий |
---|---|---|---|
lie | lay | lain | lied |
[laɪ] | [leɪ] | [leɪn] | [liːd] |
[laɪ] | [leɪ] | [leɪn] | [liːd] |
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Спряжение lie в английском языке во всех временах, лицах и числах
Simple Tense — Простое (неопределенное) время
Present Simple
Простое настоящее
- I lie
- you lie
- he, she lies
- we lie
- you lie
- they lie
Past Simple
Простое прошедшее
- I lay ; lied
- you lay ; lied
- he, she lay ; lied
- we lay ; lied
- you lay ; lied
- they lay ; lied
Future Simple
Простое будущее
- I will lie
- you will lie
- he, she will lie
- we will lie
- you will lie
- they will lie
Continuous Tense — Длительное время
Present Simple Continuous
Настоящее длительное
- I am lying
- you are lying
- he, she is lying
- we are lying
- you are lying
- they are lying
Past Simple Continuous
Прошедшее длительное
- I was lying
- you were lying
- he, she was lying
- we were lying
- you were lying
- they were lying
Future Simple Continuous
Будущее длительное
- I will be lying
- you will be lying
- he, she will be lying
- we will be lying
- you will be lying
- they will be lying
Perfect Tense — Совершенное время
Present Perfect
Настоящее совершенное
- I have lain ; lied
- you have lain ; lied
- he, she has lain ; lied
- we have lain ; lied
- you have lain ; lied
- they have lain ; lied
Past Perfect
Прошедшее совершенное
- I had lain ; lied
- you had lain ; lied
- he, she had lain ; lied
- we had lain ; lied
- you had lain ; lied
- they had lain ; lied
Future Perfect
Будущее совершенное
- I will have lain ; lied
- you will have lain ; lied
- he, she will have lain ; lied
- we will have lain ; lied
- you will have lain ; lied
- they will have lain ; lied
Perfect Continuous Tense — Длительное совершенное время
Present Perfect Continuous
Настоящее совершенное длительное
- I have been lying
- you have been lying
- he, she has been lying
- we have been lying
- you have been lying
- they have been lying
Past Perfect Continuous
Прошедшее совершенное длительное
- I had been lying
- you had been lying
- he, she had been lying
- we had been lying
- you had been lying
- they had been lying
Future Perfect Continuous
Будущее совершенное длительное
- I will have been lying
- you will have been lying
- he, she will have been lying
- we will have been lying
- you will have been lying
- they will have been lying
Conditional — Условное наклонение
- I would lie
- you would lie
- he, she would lie
- we would lie
- you would lie
- they would lie
- I would have lain ; lied
- you would have lain ; lied
- he, she would have lain ; lied
- we would have lain ; lied
- you would have lain ; lied
- they would have lain ; lied
- I would be lying
- you would be lying
- he, she would be lying
- we would be lying
- you would be lying
- they would be lying
- I would have been lying
- you would have been lying
- he, she would have been lying
- we would have been lying
- you would have been lying
- they would have been lying
Источник статьи: http://linguabooster.com/ru/en/verb/lie
Lie present continuous как пишется
ложь, неправда, вранье, лиев, лежать, ложиться, лечь, полежать, пролежать, прилечь, находиться, заключаться, состоять, лгать, врать, солгать, соврать, крыться, скрываться, таиться, пролегать, залегать
Реализовано с помощью сервиса «API «Яндекс.Словарь»
Present
I lie
you lie
he lies
we lie
you lie
they lie
Present continuous
Past simple
I have lain
you have lain
he has lain
we have lain
you have lain
they have lain
Past continuous
I have been lying
you have been lying
he has been lying
we have been lying
you have been lying
they have been lying
Present perfect
I will lie
you will lie
he will lie
we will lie
you will lie
they will lie
Present perfect continuous
I will be lying
you will be lying
he will be lying
we will be lying
you will be lying
they will be lying
Past perfect
I will have lain
you will have lain
he will have lain
we will have lain
you will have lain
they will have lain
Past perfect continuous
I will have been lying
you will have been lying
he will have been lying
we will have been lying
you will have been lying
they will have been lying
Future
Future continuous
I had lain
you had lain
he had lain
we had lain
you had lain
they had lain
Future perfect
I had been lying
you had been lying
he had been lying
we had been lying
you had been lying
they had been lying
Future perfect continuous
Present
I would lie
you would lie
he would lie
we would lie
you would lie
they would lie
Present continuous
I would be lying
you would be lying
he would be lying
we would be lying
you would be lying
they would be lying
I would have lain
you would have lain
he would have lain
we would have lain
you would have lain
they would have lain
Past continuous
I would have been lying
you would have been lying
he would have been lying
we would have been lying
you would have been lying
they would have been lying
Источник статьи: http://conjugation.ru/english/lie.html
Спряжение глагола «lay» в английском
Спряжение глагола lay [leɪ] laid / laid / laying / lays
лежать, положить, откладывать
I lay
you lay
he/she/it lays
we lay
you lay
they lay
I have laid
you have laid
he/she/it has laid
we have laid
you have laid
they have laid
I am laying
you are laying
he/she/it is laying
we are laying
you are laying
they are laying
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been laying
you have been laying
he/she/it has been laying
we have been laying
you have been laying
they have been laying
I laid
you laid
he/she/it laid
we laid
you laid
they laid
I was laying
you were laying
he/she/it was laying
we were laying
you were laying
they were laying
I had laid
you had laid
he/she/it had laid
we had laid
you had laid
they had laid
I had been laying
you had been laying
he/she/it had been laying
we had been laying
you had been laying
they had been laying
I will lay
you will lay
he/she/it will lay
we will lay
you will lay
they will lay
I will be laying
you will be laying
he/she/it will be laying
we will be laying
you will be laying
they will be laying
I will have laid
you will have laid
he/she/it will have laid
we will have laid
you will have laid
they will have laid
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been laying
you will have been laying
he/she/it will have been laying
we will have been laying
you will have been laying
they will have been laying
I would lay
you would lay
he/she/it would lay
we would lay
you would lay
they would lay
Conditional Present Continuous
I would be laying
you would be laying
he/she/it would be laying
we would be laying
you would be laying
they would be laying
I would have laid
you would have laid
he/she/it would have laid
we would have laid
you would have laid
they would have laid
Conditional Perfect Continuous
I would have been laying
you would have been laying
he/she/it would have been laying
we would have been laying
you would have been laying
they would have been laying
to lay
to have laid
to be laying
to have been laying
Спряжение глагола lie [laɪ] lay / lain / lying / lies
лежать, находиться, лгать
I lie
you lie
he/she/it lies
we lie
you lie
they lie
I have lain
you have lain
he/she/it has lain
we have lain
you have lain
they have lain
I am lying
you are lying
he/she/it is lying
we are lying
you are lying
they are lying
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been lying
you have been lying
he/she/it has been lying
we have been lying
you have been lying
they have been lying
I lay
you lay
he/she/it lay
we lay
you lay
they lay
I was lying
you were lying
he/she/it was lying
we were lying
you were lying
they were lying
I had lain
you had lain
he/she/it had lain
we had lain
you had lain
they had lain
I had been lying
you had been lying
he/she/it had been lying
we had been lying
you had been lying
they had been lying
I will lie
you will lie
he/she/it will lie
we will lie
you will lie
they will lie
I will be lying
you will be lying
he/she/it will be lying
we will be lying
you will be lying
they will be lying
I will have lain
you will have lain
he/she/it will have lain
we will have lain
you will have lain
they will have lain
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been lying
you will have been lying
he/she/it will have been lying
we will have been lying
you will have been lying
they will have been lying
I would lie
you would lie
he/she/it would lie
we would lie
you would lie
they would lie
Conditional Present Continuous
I would be lying
you would be lying
he/she/it would be lying
we would be lying
you would be lying
they would be lying
I would have lain
you would have lain
he/she/it would have lain
we would have lain
you would have lain
they would have lain
Conditional Perfect Continuous
I would have been lying
you would have been lying
he/she/it would have been lying
we would have been lying
you would have been lying
they would have been lying
to lie
to have lain
to be lying
to have been lying
Спряжение глагола «lie in bed» в английском
Спряжение глагола lie in bed lay in bed / lain in bed / lying in bed / lies in bed лежать в кровати
I lie in bed
you lie in bed
he/she/it lies in bed
we lie in bed
you lie in bed
they lie in bed
I have lain in bed
you have lain in bed
he/she/it has lain in bed
we have lain in bed
you have lain in bed
they have lain in bed
I am lying in bed
you are lying in bed
he/she/it is lying in bed
we are lying in bed
you are lying in bed
they are lying in bed
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been lying in bed
you have been lying in bed
he/she/it has been lying in bed
we have been lying in bed
you have been lying in bed
they have been lying in bed
I lay in bed
you lay in bed
he/she/it lay in bed
we lay in bed
you lay in bed
they lay in bed
I was lying in bed
you were lying in bed
he/she/it was lying in bed
we were lying in bed
you were lying in bed
they were lying in bed
I had lain in bed
you had lain in bed
he/she/it had lain in bed
we had lain in bed
you had lain in bed
they had lain in bed
I had been lying in bed
you had been lying in bed
he/she/it had been lying in bed
we had been lying in bed
you had been lying in bed
they had been lying in bed
I will lie in bed
you will lie in bed
he/she/it will lie in bed
we will lie in bed
you will lie in bed
they will lie in bed
I will be lying in bed
you will be lying in bed
he/she/it will be lying in bed
we will be lying in bed
you will be lying in bed
they will be lying in bed
I will have lain in bed
you will have lain in bed
he/she/it will have lain in bed
we will have lain in bed
you will have lain in bed
they will have lain in bed
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been lying in bed
you will have been lying in bed
he/she/it will have been lying in bed
we will have been lying in bed
you will have been lying in bed
they will have been lying in bed
I would lie in bed
you would lie in bed
he/she/it would lie in bed
we would lie in bed
you would lie in bed
they would lie in bed
Conditional Present Continuous
I would be lying in bed
you would be lying in bed
he/she/it would be lying in bed
we would be lying in bed
you would be lying in bed
they would be lying in bed
I would have lain in bed
you would have lain in bed
he/she/it would have lain in bed
we would have lain in bed
you would have lain in bed
they would have lain in bed
Conditional Perfect Continuous
I would have been lying in bed
you would have been lying in bed
he/she/it would have been lying in bed
we would have been lying in bed
you would have been lying in bed
they would have been lying in bed
to lie in bed
to have lain in bed
to be lying in bed
to have been lying in bed
Английский глагол lie — 3 формы глагола, значение, примеры предложений
Неправильные глаголы в английском языке передают базовые состояния и действия, без их употребления ни в устной, ни в письменной речи не обойтись. Одним из таких глаголов является «to lie». В сегодняшнем уроке мы изучим, как образует lie 3 формы глагола, какие стандартные и необычные значения он передает, как функционирует в словосочетаниях и предложениях. Приступим!
Стандартные и необычные значения глагола lie в английском языке
Чтобы познакомиться поближе с изучаемым глаголом, рассмотрим его стандартные и дополнительные компоненты значения. Начнем с обычных значений, которые наиболее часто применяются. Стоит заметить, что в английском наличествует два омонима-глагола « to lie ». Это означает, что глаголы пишутся и произносятся абсолютно идентично, но их смысл отличается. Один из них обозначает «лгать, обманывать», а другой – тот, который мы сегодня рассматриваем, значит «лежать». Теперь мы знаем, какой именно глагол нам нужен, поэтому готовы приступить.
Стандартные значения
- You should lie here with your eyes open. — Тебе необходимо лежать здесь с открытыми глазами.
- The dog lies at my feet. — Собака лежит у моих ног.
- She will lie next to you no matter what because she really loves you. — Она будет лежать рядом с тобой, что бы ни случилось, потому что она действительно любит тебя.
- I always lie awake late at night. — Поздним вечером я всегда лежу без сна.
- I’m going to lie here until Mike comes and brings me dinner. — Я собираюсь лежать здесь, пока Майк не придет и не принесет мне ужин.
- Gilbert has a daughter but she lies on the hospital bed because she’s ill. — У Гилберта есть дочь, но она лежит в госпитале на койке, поскольку больна.
2. Находиться, располагаться.
- This star lies beyond our star system. — Эта звезда расположена по ту сторону солнечной системы.
- When the arteries lie too deep, it can be dangerous for your health. — Когда вены находятся слишком глубоко, это может быть опасным для здоровья.
- Sometimes circumstances lead us towards seeking where the real destiny lies. — Порой жизненные обстоятельства ведут нас к поиску того, где находится настоящаясудьба.
- Here lies the charm of the old-fashion clothes for me. It reminds me of those happy days. — Для меня в этом и заключается особенный шарм старомодной одежды. Онанапоминает мне о тех счастливых днях.
- The difference lies in the fact that I prefer family values and you prefer money. — Разница заключается в том, что я предпочитаю семейные ценности, а для тебя важныденьги.
- My path to college always lies through this dangerous district. — Моя дорога в колледж постоянно пролегает через этот опасный район.
- Our routes lie through the picturesque lakes and rivers. — Наши маршруты пролегают через живописные озера и реки.
Нестандартные значения
Глагол обладает некоторыми значениями, расходящимися со стандартным смысловым компонентом. Рассмотрим самые любопытные из них.
- I lie under an obligation not to disappoint my parents. — Я обязана не разочаровать своих родителей.
2. Оставлять как есть, не нарушая целостности/положения вещей/не меняя обстоятельств.
- Please don’t disturb him and let it lie. — Прошу, не беспокой его и оставь всё как есть.
3. Зависеть, быть в чьих-то силах.
- She will do everything that liesin her power. — Она предпримет все, что в ее силах.
To lie – 3 формы глагола и использование в разных временах
Мы подробно изучили смысловой компонент глагола, пришло время рассмотреть три формы глагола Lie. Кроме инфинитива to lie глагол обладает формами прошедшего времени, а также причастия настоящего и прошедшего времени. Выглядят 3 формы глагола из таблицы неправильных глаголов следующим образом: lie – lay – lain.
Infinitive | Present Participle | Past Simple | Past Participle |
lie | lying | lay | lain |
Посмотрим на примеры употребления 3 форм глагола lie – лежать.
1. Present Participle чаще всего применяется для образования времен групп Continuous и Perfect Continuous.
- The boy is lying on the ground crying. — Мальчик лежит на земле и плачет.
- My cat Lily is lying in my bed right now. — Моя кошка Лили лежит в моей кровати прямо сейчас..
2. Форма глагола lay в Past Simple – вторая форма глагола lie.
- Our problems lay in the fact that we both adored the girl from the grocery store. — Наши проблемы заключались в том, что мы оба обожали эту девчонку изпродуктового магазина.
- Nobody knew that beneath this pretty face of nine-years-old girl lay the real evil. — Никто и не знал, что за этим хорошеньким личиком девятилетней девочки находилосьнастоящее зло.
3. Форма Past Participle актуальна для образования времен группы Perfect и является третьей формой глагола lie из таблицы неправильных глаголов.
- This submarine had lain on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean until they found it. — Эта подлодка лежала на дне Атлантического Океана, пока ее не обнаружили.
- It was not the real world, the true one had lain somewhere else. — Этот мир был нереальным, настоящий находился где-то еще.
Таблица форм неправильного глагола lie во всех временах
Чтобы детально понимать, в каких ситуациях какую форму стоить употребить, необходимо посмотреть на сводную полноценную таблицу всех временных аспектов, где применяются все 3 формы глагола lie, переводящегося как «лежать», «находиться».
Время | Аспекты | |||
Simple | Continuous | Perfect | Perfect Continuous | |
Настоящее (Present) | lie |
+ been lying
(Past)
he/she/it was lying
Мы в деталях изучили, каким образом глагол lie функционирует в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени в английском языке. Для того, чтобы рассмотренная информация закрепилась надолго, попробуйте посоставлять словосочетания и предложения с использованием разных временных аспектов неправильного глагола lie.
Успехов в изучении английского языка. Встретимся на следующем уроке!
Источник статьи: http://speakenglishwell.ru/lie-3-formy-glagola-znachenie-primery-predlozhenij/
Спряжение и склонение «lie down» в английском
Спряжение глагола lie down lay down / lain down / lying down / lies down ложиться, прилечь, укладывать
I lie down
you lie down
he/she/it lies down
we lie down
you lie down
they lie down
I have lain down
you have lain down
he/she/it has lain down
we have lain down
you have lain down
they have lain down
I am lying down
you are lying down
he/she/it is lying down
we are lying down
you are lying down
they are lying down
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been lying down
you have been lying down
he/she/it has been lying down
we have been lying down
you have been lying down
they have been lying down
I lay down
you lay down
he/she/it lay down
we lay down
you lay down
they lay down
I was lying down
you were lying down
he/she/it was lying down
we were lying down
you were lying down
they were lying down
I had lain down
you had lain down
he/she/it had lain down
we had lain down
you had lain down
they had lain down
I had been lying down
you had been lying down
he/she/it had been lying down
we had been lying down
you had been lying down
they had been lying down
I will lie down
you will lie down
he/she/it will lie down
we will lie down
you will lie down
they will lie down
I will be lying down
you will be lying down
he/she/it will be lying down
we will be lying down
you will be lying down
they will be lying down
I will have lain down
you will have lain down
he/she/it will have lain down
we will have lain down
you will have lain down
they will have lain down
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been lying down
you will have been lying down
he/she/it will have been lying down
we will have been lying down
you will have been lying down
they will have been lying down
I would lie down
you would lie down
he/she/it would lie down
we would lie down
you would lie down
they would lie down
Conditional Present Continuous
I would be lying down
you would be lying down
he/she/it would be lying down
we would be lying down
you would be lying down
they would be lying down
I would have lain down
you would have lain down
he/she/it would have lain down
we would have lain down
you would have lain down
they would have lain down
Conditional Perfect Continuous
I would have been lying down
you would have been lying down
he/she/it would have been lying down
we would have been lying down
you would have been lying down
they would have been lying down
to lie down
to have lain down
to be lying down
to have been lying down
Спряжение глагола «lie in the sun» в английском
Спряжение глагола lie in the sun lay in the sun / lain in the sun / lying in the sun / lies in the sun лежать на солнце
I lie in the sun
you lie in the sun
he/she/it lies in the sun
we lie in the sun
you lie in the sun
they lie in the sun
I have lain in the sun
you have lain in the sun
he/she/it has lain in the sun
we have lain in the sun
you have lain in the sun
they have lain in the sun
I am lying in the sun
you are lying in the sun
he/she/it is lying in the sun
we are lying in the sun
you are lying in the sun
they are lying in the sun
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been lying in the sun
you have been lying in the sun
he/she/it has been lying in the sun
we have been lying in the sun
you have been lying in the sun
they have been lying in the sun
I lay in the sun
you lay in the sun
he/she/it lay in the sun
we lay in the sun
you lay in the sun
they lay in the sun
I was lying in the sun
you were lying in the sun
he/she/it was lying in the sun
we were lying in the sun
you were lying in the sun
they were lying in the sun
I had lain in the sun
you had lain in the sun
he/she/it had lain in the sun
we had lain in the sun
you had lain in the sun
they had lain in the sun
I had been lying in the sun
you had been lying in the sun
he/she/it had been lying in the sun
we had been lying in the sun
you had been lying in the sun
they had been lying in the sun
I will lie in the sun
you will lie in the sun
he/she/it will lie in the sun
we will lie in the sun
you will lie in the sun
they will lie in the sun
I will be lying in the sun
you will be lying in the sun
he/she/it will be lying in the sun
we will be lying in the sun
you will be lying in the sun
they will be lying in the sun
I will have lain in the sun
you will have lain in the sun
he/she/it will have lain in the sun
we will have lain in the sun
you will have lain in the sun
they will have lain in the sun
Future Perfect Continuous
I will have been lying in the sun
you will have been lying in the sun
he/she/it will have been lying in the sun
we will have been lying in the sun
you will have been lying in the sun
they will have been lying in the sun
I would lie in the sun
you would lie in the sun
he/she/it would lie in the sun
we would lie in the sun
you would lie in the sun
they would lie in the sun
Conditional Present Continuous
I would be lying in the sun
you would be lying in the sun
he/she/it would be lying in the sun
we would be lying in the sun
you would be lying in the sun
they would be lying in the sun
I would have lain in the sun
you would have lain in the sun
he/she/it would have lain in the sun
we would have lain in the sun
you would have lain in the sun
they would have lain in the sun
Conditional Perfect Continuous
I would have been lying in the sun
you would have been lying in the sun
he/she/it would have been lying in the sun
we would have been lying in the sun
you would have been lying in the sun
they would have been lying in the sun
lain in the sun
lying in the sun
to lie in the sun
to have lain in the sun
to be lying in the sun
to have been lying in the sun
Present Continuous
Когда мы говорим о том, что происходит сейчас, в данный момент, мы используем настоящее длительное время — Present Continuous. Его также называют Present Progressive.
Образование Present Continuous
Present Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в настоящем времени (am/is/are) и смыслового глагола с окончанием -ing.
am/is/are + инфинитив с -ing | ||
---|---|---|
I | am | do ing start ing read ing watch ing runn ing . |
he she it |
is | |
we you they |
are |
Важно заметить, что в -ing последняя буква g не читается, но вместе с n она даёт носовой звук /ŋ/. Чтобы произнести его правильно, надо приоткрыть рот, прижать заднюю часть языка к мягкому нёбу и выдыхать воздух через нос — поэтому звук и называется носовым.
Для образования отрицаний к вспомогательному глаголу am/is/are мы добавляем not. А чтобы построить вопрос, нужно поменять местами am/is/are и подлежащее. Посмотрите, что получается, на примере глагола sing.
Утверждение | Отрицание | Вопрос |
---|---|---|
I am singing | I am not singing | Am I singing? |
You are singing | You are not singing | Are you singing? |
He/she/it is singing | He/she/it is not singing | Is he/she/it singing? |
We are singing | We are not singing | Are we singing? |
They are singing | They are not singing | Are they singing? |
Для быстроты речи am/is/are употребляется с местоимением в сокращённой форме с апострофом: I‘m cooking, you‘re shaving, he‘s listening, we‘re going, they‘re discussing.
То же относится и к отрицательной форме: I‘m not going, you aren’t helping, she isn’t listening, we aren’t arguing, they aren’t growing.
Если в вопросе есть вопросительное слово (why, what, how, where и др.), оно ставится на первое место.
Краткие ответы на вопросы в Present Continuous
На вопрос да/нет можно отвечать кратко: в таком случае в ответе остается только вспомогательный глагол am/is/are (+ not), а смысловой глагол не повторяется.
Обратите внимание, что в ответе «да» мы не сокращаем местоимение со вспомогательным глаголом: Yes, I am. Yes, you are. Yes, he is . А в ответе «нет» вспомогательный глагол и not лучше сокращать: No, I’m not. No, you aren’t. No, he isn’t.
Yes, | I | am. | No, | I’m not. | или | No, | he isn’t. she isn’t. it isn’t. |
he she it |
is. | he’s not. she’s not. it’s not. |
|||||
we you they |
are. | we’re not. you’re not. they’re not. |
we aren’t. you aren’t. they aren’t. |
Правописание глаголов с -ing
Важно не только правильно строить предложения с Present Continuous, но и правильно писать герундий, то есть форму глагола с прибавлением -ing на конце.
- Если односложный глагол оканчивается на гласную + согласную, то последняя согласная удваивается, когда прибавляется -ing. Иначе глагол будет по-другому произноситься.
sw im → swimming
r un → running - Если ситуация такая же, как в первом случае, но слогов несколько, то смотрим, куда падает ударение. Если оно падает на последний слог, то согласная удваивается.
pre fer → preferring
be gin → beginning - Если глагол оканчивается на -l, то независимо от того, куда падает ударение, -l удваивается. Это правило касается только британского английского.
trave l → travelling
cance l → cancelling - Если глагол оканчивается на -e, то при добавлении -ing буква -e исчезает.
com e → coming
tak e → taking - Если глагол оканчивается на -ie, то при добавлении -ing происходит замена на -ying.
l ie → lying
d ie → dying
Все остальные глаголы не требуют каких-либо удвоений или замены букв в корне, мы просто добавляем -ing к исходной форме — инфинитиву.
Употребление Present Continuous
Настоящее длительное время акцентирует процесс, а не результат, регулярность или продолжительность действия. Мы подчёркиваем, что действие было ранее начато и не окончено и совершается именно в данный момент. Говоря более конкретно, Present Continuous употребляется в следующих случаях:
- действие происходит прямо сейчас, в данный момент. Если с помощью Present Simple мы говорим о фактах, рутине, привычках, то настоящее длительное время Present Continuous позволяет подчеркнуть ситуативность действия.
Для употребления Present Continuous не является обязательным условием, чтобы действие происходило непосредственно в данный момент. Главное, что кто-то находится в процессе совершения чего-либо.
- временные ситуации, тенденции. Опять же в отличие от времени Present Simple, которое указывает на постоянство, с помощью Continuous мы акцентируем временный характер происходящего.
- планы. Present Continuous можно использовать не только по отношении к настоящему, но и к будущему моменту. В частности, с помощью этого времени глагола мы говорим о запланированных действиях и событиях.
- со словами always, constantly для указания на то, что что-то случается слишком часто. С помощью такой конструкции мы выражаем своё негативное отношение. Если отрицательный оттенок не нужен, то следует использовать Present Simple.
Мы не употребляем Present Continuous с глаголами состояния. Это особая группа глаголов, выражающих эмоциональное отношение (adore, care, hate, like, love и др.), умственную деятельность (believe, think, know, remember, understand), владение (have, possess, belong). Если даже речь идёт про ситуацию здесь и сейчас, мы ставим такой глагол в Present Simple, а не Continuous.
Слова-индикаторы Present Continuous
Как и у Present Simple, у Present Continuous есть свои «сигнальные слова» — обстоятельства времени, которые характерны именно для этого времени глагола. К ним относятся:
- now — сейчас
- at the moment — в данный момент
- today — сегодня
- this week / this month / this year — на этой неделе / в этом месяце / в этом году
Со временем Present Continuous мы часто используем глаголы, которые говорят об изменении состояния. К ним относятся, например
- get, become — становиться
- change — изменяться
- increase — повышаться
- rise — возрастать
- grow — расти
- fall — падать
- improve — улучшаться
- begin, start — начинаться
Источник статьи: http://lingbase.com/ru/english/grammar/present-continuous